Again, this is ahead of the election. They were already planning on
shutting down the government even before they got elected that November.
Congressman Westmoreland said Republicans were going to do it again this
time, just like the last time they did the last time they took power in the
House after the 1994 elections.

The audio here is a little sketchy, but lucky we had a transcript.
So, check this out.

(BEGIN AUDIO CLIP)

REP. LYNN WESTMORELAND (R), GEORGIA: He can tell you what happened.
The government shut down.

(APPLAUSE)

That`s what I wanted to hear! I wanted to hear a good clap for that.

Because here`s what`s going to happen. If we hold the line, if we get
those courageous men and women to be part of our majority, if we say, look,
we`re in partnership with the American people, we`re listening to the
American people.

This is what we`re going to do. If the government shuts down, we want
you with us.

(APPLAUSE)

We want you with us. We`ve got to have you. We`ve got to have you
there because later on, you all will call us and say, look, I didn`t get my
check. Daddy can`t go to the VA. You know, the national parks are closed.
We need to make sure that you`re going to be with us.

(END AUDIO CLIP)

MADDOW: We need to make sure that you are going to be with us when we
shut down the government, which we will do if we win the majority this
year. That was before the 2010 election. When we get the majority, we`re
going to shut down the government.

That was the plan from the beginning. That was what they were
promising to their own base and getting cheers for from their own base if
they got the majority. That`s what they`d do. And then they got the
majority and then they followed through.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIPS)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We will do what we have to do to shut down the
government, if we have to.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: So, you think even if that were to happen,
theoretically, it wouldn`t be as bad as people make it out to be?

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: No, I don`t think it would be, I really don`t.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Do you think shutdown should be off the table?

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Everything ought to be on the table.

JOE WALSH (R), FORMER U.S. CONGRESSMAN: I`ve got to tell you, most
people in my district say shut it down. This country very well may need
some sort of shock therapy.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Would it be a good thing fiscally and
philosophically if the government did shut down for a few weeks and the
American people could see life would go on without the federal government
for a little while?

FORMER REP. RON PAUL (R), TEXAS: I don`t think it would hurt one bit.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Even if it means showing how serious we are, OK,
government`s going to have to shut down.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: If liberals in the Senate would rather play
political games and shut down the government instead of making a small
downpayment on fiscal discipline and reform, I say, shut it down.

(APPLAUSE)

CROWD: Cut it or shut it! Cut it or shut it! Cut it or shut it!

(END VIDEO CLIPS)

MADDOW: Shut it down! Cut it or shut it! Cut it or shut it!

That`s how they campaigned for office in 2010. That`s what they
promised they would do if they were elected in 2010. And that is what they
started to do as soon as they were elected in 2010.

This was their whole idea for governance. This was their whole idea
for why it`s worth it to even try to have some control of some lever of
American governmental power.

And so, within a matter of weeks after they were sworn in, in January
2011, Republicans were giving John Boehner a standing ovation in their
caucus meeting when he said, yes, we are preparing for a shutdown. That
was the first time. Hooray, a shutdown! Because this is what they
promised.

They weren`t promising a specific result. They were just promising to
use this tactic. And I think this is crucial, the tactic itself is the
point. The shutdown may or may not accomplish anything.

It`s the shutdown itself that is the point. It demonstrates a
willingness to go to extremes, which is fun and ideologically desirable,
and it shows a decisive lack of respect for what government is. It is a
tactical insult to the whole idea of governance. So, it`s just perfect for
the American right, no matter what it accomplishes, even if it accomplishes
nothing.

The shutdown itself is the point. And so, when it started to become
clear that Republicans were taking over the House -- look, this was back in
2010, ahead of the 2010 election -- pundits on the right knew what they
were going to get excited for.

I`m almost giddy thinking about a government shutdown next year! I
cannot wait!

Why shut it down? Because we`ll be able to! Because Republicans are
about to win enough control in Washington to be able to do it.

They knew that ahead of the election. And then they got elected. And
now we`ve got, this is this week, House Republicans coming out of their
closed-door meeting on Saturday when they decided to vote for a shutdown,
and they did not see this as a somber thing, a sober thing that they were
taking on reluctantly, a bad thing that they were reluctant to do?

When they came out of that conference meeting, having just decided to
shut down the government, they were psyched!

(BEGIN VIDDEO CLIPS)

REP. MICHELE BACHMANN (R), MINNESOTA: This is exactly what we hoped
for. We`re all getting behind leadership. We think we`re going to get
every vote?

We`re excited. We`re united.

(INAUDIBLE)

REP. ROBERT PITTENGER (R), NORTH CAROLINA: All good. Good plan.

REPORTER: How`d it go in there?

REP. TOM COLE (R), OKLAHOMA: Very good. It went very well.

(END VIDEO CLIPS)

MADDOW: Very well! It`s great! We`re shutting down the government!
What could be better?

They see this as great news.

Reporters have been staking out the committee rooms and meeting rooms
where members of Congress has been confabbing and deciding who to do and
their description of the mood among Republicans is jarring.

"House Republicans were ecstatic Saturday when Mr. Boehner and his
leadership team presented their plan." Quote, "The mood in the Capitol on
Saturday, at least among Republicans, was downright giddy. When Republican
leaders presented their plan in a closed-door meeting on Saturday, cheers
and chants of `vote, vote, vote!` went up. As members left the meeting,
many were beaming grins."

Representative John Culberson of Texas told reporters that as he and
his colleagues were clamoring for a vote, he shouted out his own
encouragement, "I said, like 9/11, let`s roll!"

Let`s roll! Let`s bring the U.S. government to its knees, just like
on 9/11, except the other way. Yes.

There`s a kind of palpable glee on the Republican side about this
accomplishment they are bringing about tonight. They are psyched.

There is no mirror image between the two major parties. There is only
one major party of the two that strives for control in government
specifically because that is the place from which you can hurt government
the worst.

There is nothing about the last few weeks of political back-and-forth
that explains why this is happening. There is nothing about health reform
specifically that explains why this is happening. In 2011, they didn`t
bother making it about health reform, they made it about the budget back
then. Or maybe it will be Planned Parenthood funding or maybe it will be
conservative.

Let`s just pick something. What we want is a shutdown. What is
happening tonight is happening tonight because this is what Republicans
want to do. This is what they promised to do.

This tactic, let`s roll, this tactic is an end in and of itself, and
that is why there is no talking them out of it.

Elect Republicans and they will burn the place down and they will
laugh while they do it and have a great time. And then what?

Joining us now is Senator Charles Schumer of New York, vice chair of
the Democratic Conference.

Senator Schumer, thank you for being with us.

SEN. CHARLES SCHUMER (D), NEW YORK: Good evening.

MADDOW: What do you know about the latest matters of procedure this
evening? We know that the House has been meeting privately to decide how
to respond to the Senate`s latest action.

SCHUMER: Yes, look, I think that, as you say -- there`s just a
faction in the House that wants to shut the government down, that doesn`t
mind taking hostages, whether it`d be a federal worker who needs a
paycheck, a highway construction worker who gets a federal grant, a veteran
waiting to adjust a disability claim. They don`t really care.

But let me say this, the public does. The closer we get to this
moment, the more and more people see what the Republicans are doing and the
less popular they are. And that`s why today we`ve had many Republicans,
including some conservative ones, say we shouldn`t shut the government
down.

The real weak kink in this, the real weak link is Speaker Boehner.
Even Mitch McConnell, with the Tea Party opponent, figured out a way that
he would let things move forward, not shut the government down. He voted
with 24 of his colleagues not to block us, but Boehner doesn`t seem to have
that strength.

And a small group of real fanatics who sort of feel that they have to
sacrifice innocent people to the right-wing gods so they can show how tough
and resolute they are controls Boehner, and, unfortunately, controls many
in the House Republican Caucus who really know better.

They know it`s a disaster for their party. They know it`s a disaster
for the country. They know they`re hurting innocent people. But they
don`t care.

There is such anger, there is such hatred that they just act on those
emotions. And sooner or later, that catches up to you.

I don`t think -- I would hope that they come to their senses tonight.
You know, they always thought we`d cave, but we are united from one end of
this Democratic Caucus to the other. The White House is strong. Tonight,
the president said we`re not doing this debt ceiling either and we haven`t
caved.

And now, the leadership of the Republican House is stuck -- stuck
between these fanatical right-wingers and what they know is wrong not only
for the country, but actually, for the future of their party.

MADDOW: Senator, you`ve seen a lot of different confrontations in
Washington come and go, you`ve seen a lot of iterations of the Republican
Party as they have changed over the years, particularly in the last few
years.

What do you think specifically about Republican senators? So,
Republicans in your chamber advising the House on what they ought to be
doing, advising House members to defy their leadership, to defy Speaker
Boehner and do instead what the Senate wants?

SCHUMER: We`ve never seen anything like it. But the bottom line is
that Senator Cruz and his small band did not get a majority of support in
the Republican Senate, and there were some courageous profiles and coverage
of people like Lindsey Graham, Lamar Alexander, who had Tea Party opponents
but who knew they shouldn`t go along.

These are more mainstream conservatives. But this small band, given
the fact that they have talk radio, they have a whole blogging radio, Jim
DeMint does far more damage outside than in with the Heritage Action
Foundation.

They frighten these Republicans and say you don`t go along with us.
Even though you know it`s wrong, you know it`s irrational, you know it`s
bad, we`re going to give you primary. And too many Republicans in the
House shrug their shoulders and say, OK.

I think the jubilation you saw there is not universal in the
Republican caucus. There are large numbers in the Republican House caucus
who know this is wrong. Very few have the courage of Pete King to stand up
and say so.

But privately, they admit it. And I think that, you know, God forbid
we`ll shut down the government, there is going to be such a reaction
against them that they`re going to have to back off, hopefully after a few
days.

MADDOW: Senator Chuck Schumer of New York. Thank you for your time
tonight. I know you`re in a middle of vote, sir. So, I`ll let you go.
Thank you very much.

SCHUMER: Thank you. Good to talk to you.

MADDOW: Senate voting right now. And again, what`s expected is that
between now and midnight, you see the shutdown clock in the corner of your
screen there. Between now and midnight, a decision`s going to have to be
made one way or the other. Fix this, or if it is not fixed, the shutdown
happens automatically starting at 12:01.

We are winding down toward the first government shutdown in 17 years,
800,000 jobs and some of the pillars of the American economy are on the
line.

Stay with us. The White House communications director joins us next.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

MADDOW: Today, the United States Marine Corps fired two generals for
not adequately protecting a U.S. base in Afghanistan that was attacked by
the Taliban last year.

Today also, Venezuela expelled three U.S. diplomats from that country.
The president of Venezuela actually said the phrase "Yankee, go home," when
he was threatening to throw them out, something like a conspiracy theory
that the U.S. is engineering Venezuela`s power outages now.

Today, also, the prime minister of Israel met one on one with our
president, at a time when our decades-long standoff with Iran is changing
shape rapidly.

So, it`s not like there`s nothing going on in the world, right? It`s
not like there`s nothing going on in the world, in Washington, in the
federal government, but we are, apparently, shutting it down, regardless.
That is what we are barreling toward right now.

The White House communications director is our guest next.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: One faction of one
party, in one House of Congress, in one branch of government, doesn`t get
to shut down the entire government just to refight the results of an
election.

Keeping the people`s government open is not a concession to me.
Keeping vital services running and hundreds of thousands of Americans on
the job is not something you give to the other side. It`s our basic
responsibility. You don`t get to extract a ransom for doing your job, for
doing what you`re supposed to be doing anyway, or just because there`s a
law there that you don`t like.

The American people sent us here to govern. My hope and expectation
is that in the 11th hour, once again, that Congress will choose to do the
right thing and that the House of Representatives in particular will choose
the right thing.

Thank you very much.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

MADDOW: President Obama speaking at the White House this afternoon,
sounding rather exasperated to my ear.

Joining us now to give us a sense of the current mood and current
strategy at the White House is Jennifer Palmieri. She`s White House
communications director.

Ms. Palmieri, thanks very much for being with us.

JENNIFER PALMIERI, WHITE HOUSE COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR: Very happy to
be here, Rachel.

MADDOW: So, we`ve heard that the president has spoken this evening
with Speaker Boehner on the phone. What can you tell us about that
conversation and anything else the president is doing directly to try to
resolve this?

PALMIERI: He spoke to Speaker Boehner and the other three leaders to,
you know, say we still have a few more hours, it`s pretty apparent where
the solution here lies. We believe that if Speaker Boehner would just put
the -- you know, a clean version of the funding bill on t floor, that would
fund the government for two months without any special packages attached to
it, that that could pass. And that`s obviously -- we believe this will
ultimately end up and that the speaker should allow that vote to happen
tonight so that we can avoid the shutdown.

So, that was the basis of -- that was pretty much the conversation
that he had with Speaker Boehner and Senator McConnell, but it`s not
apparent that that`s where we`re going to end up tonight.

MADDOW: As we head toward midnight and toward a potential shutdown,
what you just described there as the White House`s view of how this should
be resolved, something you`ve been pretty consistently explaining for the
last few days and weeks when it seems like this was possible.

PALMIERI: Right.

MADDOW: Will that change at all once we`re in shutdown mode? Does
strategy change at that point? Does what you want or expect change once a
shutdown has happened, if indeed that happens at midnight?

PALMIERI: Our strategy doesn`t have -- I mean, the president has --
you heard him say, today, you heard him say a lot over the last couple
weeks, Congress has two duties they need to do right now. They`re going to
have to -- they need to pay their bills and they need to pass a budget.

And we`re not interested, nor are we willing to make special
concessions to them in order to just do these two basic things.

You know, other times where we faced sort of budget showdowns, there`s
been a situation where there is sort of a general agreement on both sides
that we are trying to achieve something other than just regular business.
We are trying to achieve a deficit reduction package like we did in 2011 or
in the fiscal cliff, the fight from of December this past year. We were
trying to pass middle class tax cuts and make those permanent.

All we are asking is that Congress pass a six-week funding bill to
keep the government open. No more, no (INAUDIBLE) spending. And so, we`re
not really sure what there is to negotiate around.

And so, that is -- I don`t expect -- our strategy`s not going to
change, our message is not going to change. It`s clear what Congress needs
to do. You see more and more Republicans on the House side coming out,
admitting that there is support, enough support in the House that they
could pass a clean funding bill, if they would put that on the floor.

And so, that`s what we`ll continue to push for them to do. And in the
meanwhile, we`re getting ready tomorrow health care, too, tomorrow.

MADDOW: Right. In the meantime, there is also a massive national
health reform bill that`s going to be implemented tomorrow.

PALMIERI: Yes.

MADDOW: Let me -- you know, it seems like what we are all watching is
the House Republican Caucus. They are the ones who have to make the
decision about what to do here.

PALMIERIE: Right.

MADDOW: Does the White House have any leverage whatsoever with any
Republicans in the House? The president obviously started off his time in
office with very overt and high-profile efforts to have good bipartisan
relationships. Republicans seem to have basically rebuffed him in that
way.

Does he call Republicans in Congress? Is he lobbying Republicans or
does he expect Republicans to work this out themselves?

PALMIERI: That -- he has, particularly on the Senate side, had lot of
good interactions, particularly in this year, and developing relationships
with people that are interested in working on budget issues.

But, you know, we keep hitting some walls here, which is they`re not
willing to consider new revenues or they still want to hold some things
hostage, like for example, they want to hold Obamacare, use that as a
negotiating tool.

So, I don`t know that there is a lot. You know, I don`t want to give
people the sense that in this particular case, we`re just talking about
this really narrow funding bill that just goes two months, and likewise,
just getting Congress to pass legislation to pay their bills when it comes
to the debt ceiling.

I don`t know that there`s a lot of negotiation for the president to do
directly. He`ll continue to make the case to the American people. We feel
that that case -- you know, I think there will be more attention paid to
this, and that breaks through.

But it`s apparent what needs to happen. And you know, our expectation
is that Republicans in the House will eventually see that way.

MADDOW: White House communications director Jennifer Palmieri --
thank you very much for your time tonight and for your optimism. Nice to
have you here. Thank you very much.

PALMIERI: Well, eventually, Rachel. Got to me, yes.

MADDOW: Eventually can mean a long time.

All right. Not long ago, a member of Congress had to be restrained in
their public discourse, lest they be voted out of office in the next
elections cycle. Luckily, one of our two political parties has developed
an antidote for that.

The clock is still ticking. Stay tuned.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

MADDOW: Did you see the market today? Jitters in the markets today,
the economic forecasting, it is all bad about what`s about to happen at the
strike of midnight tonight. It`s like dystopia New Year`s Eve here in
Washington tonight, counting the minutes, waiting for it all to shut down
when the clock strikes 12:00, like a big ball dropping on the economy.

And it turns out, the people making it happen have every rational
short-term political reason to go for it, which is an important part of
figuring out why this is happening and maybe how to undo it. And that
story is next.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

MADDOW: The first time the Senate convened today, they convened very
briefly to tell the House Republicans that they were not going to go along
with the Republican shutdown plan.

The whole thing was over quickly. There was no real drama about the
vote. Everybody knew how it was going to go, and the procedural stuff just
went, chop, chop, chop. They did it again just minutes ago, same deal.

But the first time they did it today, the whole thing was done in less
than a half an hour, and that less than half an hour time included a prayer
from the Senate chaplain, that was kind of a kick in the pants to kick the
whole thing off. This was kind of amazing. Check this out.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

REV. DR. BARRY C. BLACK, SENATE CHAPLAIN: As our nation stumbles
toward a seemingly unavoidable government shutdown, keep our lawmakers from
sowing to the wind, thereby risking reaping the whirlwind. When they
remember that all that is necessary or unintended catastrophic consequences
is for good people to do nothing.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

MADDOW: The Senate chaplain today, Barry Black, chopping the hides of
Congress for, in his words, stumbling toward a government shutdown. All
that is necessary for unintended, catastrophic consequences is for good
people to do nothing.

That was about 2:00 p.m. this afternoon. The Senate was done with its
business and the shutdown issue got back to the House within the hour.
Meanwhile, President Obama was meeting with his cabinet, discussing how
shut down all of their agencies in a way that would allow them to keep
providing the services that are considered too essential to stop
altogether.

The president also today meeting with the prime minister of Israel,
Benjamin Netanyahu, who wept through his way to note, what a weird time
this is to be in Washington.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

BENJAMIN NETANYAHU, ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER: Mr. President, thank you
for welcoming me and my delegation. And what I know, it is a very busy day
for you in Washington today. There are many things on your plate, but I
know that you know --

(END VIDEO CLIP)

MADDOW: There are a lot of things on the plate of the government of
the United States of America all the time, even without one-half of our
legislature pouring water in the gas tank and setting recreational fires in
the bedroom. But that is what we`re doing today. That`s what we are doing
tonight, right now, fact.

And the question coming into focus is not necessarily whether
Republicans will succeed in shutting down the government before midnight
tonight, but how long the shutdown will last.

Joining now is Senator Sherrod Brown of Ohio, fresh off of a vote on
the Senate floor.

Senator Brown, thank you so much for being with us.

SEN. SHERROD BROWN (D), OHIO: Good to be back, Rachel. Thank you.

MADDOW: Just within the last 15 minutes, I understand the Senate
voted to reject the amendment passed by the House that would have made the
funding for the government contingent on another delay to health reform.

Just in terms of what happens next here, what do you expect?

BROWN: I don`t think we know what to expect. The House of
Representatives still has the Senate continuing resolution. The issue is,
will John Boehner act like -- will he be the speaker of the radical right
wing of the Republican Party or will he be the speaker of the United States
House of Representatives, because if he just takes the Senate language --
you know, we went through a bipartisan process in the Senate, we passed
this.

If he takes the Senate continuing resolution, puts it to a vote for
all 435 members of Congress, almost all of whom were elected in November
and sworn in in January, then it`s clear to most of us, maybe all of us,
that that would pass the House of Representatives. You`d get virtually all
the Democrats and the responsible Republicans that know this is the wrong
thing to do for our country. That would pass before midnight, the
president would sign it before midnight, there would be no government shut.

The answer`s pretty easy, pretty obvious, whether the leadership in
the House shows leadership -- shows real leadership or not is obviously the
question.

MADDOW: Senator, I know you were -- you were in the House the last
time the government shut down. Do you feel like that experience, both for
us as a country, but also for the legislature of our country, had lessons
that we`re willfully ignoring right now, or is it that every 17 years we`re
ready for another one of these.

BROWN: Maybe it`s like the 17-year locust. I think they`ve
forgotten. I mean, I think these new far right Republicans that don`t
think anything good happened in the country until they arrived in
Washington, they don`t know much history. If they know history, they would
know that there was the same opposition to Medicare from the John Birch
Society, the Tea Party of those days, maybe, the doctors, the insurance
companies. And five years later, the country really appreciated Medicare.

I think they`d know that lesson, if they knew anything about history,
because we`re seeing this rerun. I know five -- I`m certain five years
from now, people will think the Affordable Care Act, which is a big deal
arguing about, is working for our country.

So, these aren`t people that ever studied history, ever read history.
So, they`ve really learned nothing about the damage it did to the country,
to the budget, to the country, to job creation 17 years ago, let alone the
damage it did to their political party.

MADDOW: In terms of the challenges we have right now as a country and
the things that we are working on as a country and specifically as a
government, do you think that this shutdown will affect or could affect our
country`s room to maneuver, our ability to lead and try to get what we want
on all these other issues that are moving right now, that are totally
separate from the shutdown, on things like Syria and the chemical weapons
on Iran, winding down Afghanistan, and everything else we are doing as a
government.

Does this shutdown interfere with our ability to get something done?

BROWN: I think certainly it damages our reputation around the world,
especially as the far right approaches the debt ceiling debate later --
well, next month. I guess today`s the 30th, in mid-October.

But there is an opportunity cost. We`re not working on immigration.
We`re not working on job creation. We`re not working on a job-creating
farm bill.

We`re doing none of the things that we should be doing because we`re
lurching from crisis to crisis, self-induced, human-made, congressional-
induced crisis to crisis. There`s simply no reason we need to be going
through this as a nation.

Talk to anybody at home. If you get outside, if the bubble is outside
of the country club and talk radio and a few old right wing kind of rigged
town hall meetings, they`re going to see that the country doesn`t like
this. The country wants us to focus on jobs and delivering health care and
getting this health care law implemented.

So, hundreds of thousands of people will get Medicaid in my state,
will be joining exchanges, will have consumer protections. A million
seniors have already gotten free preventive care. One thing after another
is happening. We need to cooperate to make sure it`s done right.

MADDOW: Senator Sherrod Brown of Ohio, thank you very much for your
time tonight, sir. Good luck. I know it`s going to be a late night.
Thank you.

BROWN: Thanks.

MADDOW: All right. We are still looking down the barrel of a
midnight shutdown, less than 2 1/2 hours from now. What else might happen
between now and then to potentially stop that? And the linchpin political
thing that made this kerfuffle possible. That`s all coming up. Stay with
us.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

MADDOW: You are not the only one on Twitter tonight. The president
of the United States just tweeted this. Can we put it on screen?

"It is time for Congress to do the right thing for our country and
pass a budget that represents a #governmentshutdown." And it`s signed
"B.O." When you see "B.O." at the end, I think of the president`s dog.
But no, it means that the president himself sent the message.

Now, we have to find out who is following him in the House of
Representatives.

We`ll be right back.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

MADDOW: So, the whole reason we are barreling toward the shutdown of
the federal government right now is because Republicans control the House,
and it`s kind of a funny reason why Republicans control the House. Because
in the last election, when every single one of the seat the House was up
for a vote, Democratic candidates for the House got way more votes than the
Republican candidates did.

Overall in the last election, if you add up the total number of people
who voted for a Democratic congressional candidate and total number of
people who voted for a Republican congressional candidate, it looks like
this -- look -- about 1.5 million more votes for Democrats than for
Republicans. And yet, Republicans maintained control of the House.

Fewer people overall voted for them, but they still won more seats!
Nice trick.

Here`s how that looked state by state, and this is kind of nuts. In
the great state of Michigan, more than 2.25 million people voted for
Democratic House candidates. Just over 2 million people voted for
Republican candidates.

The results of Democrats getting lots more votes is that Republicans
got lots more seats! The Democrats won just five seats and Republicans got
nine. Democrats got more votes and fewer seats in.

Across the lake, in Wisconsin, same deal. More Wisconsin voters voted
for Democrats, but Republicans get two more seats than the Democrats did.

In Pennsylvania, more people voted for Democrats that Republicans and
yet Republicans won almost three times as many seats as Democrats.

In Virginia, Republicans got 4 percent more votes, OK, but they won
almost three times the number of Democratic seats.

In Ohio, same deal, Republicans won a few more votes that be the
Democrats did but they won triple the amount of Democratic seats.

The number of Republicans and Democrats sent to Congress from states
like Michigan and Wisconsin and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Ohio, those
congressional delegations are totally out of whack with the actual
statewide vote totals.

And that is the point. Partisan legislators drawing congressional
districts during a census year, which was 2010, so that it only takes a
handful of votes to elect people from their own party but it takes a
miracle for anybody from the other side to get elected.

The Republicans aggressive use of that tactic after the big wins in
2010 election, that really has two consequences for where we are now.
First, it means that Republicans as a whole really have no fear at all of
them losing control of the House. The districts are drawn, so there are so
many safe Republicans seats in the country. They almost can`t lose their
majority.

The other consequence, though, is this. In making sure that
Republicans are representing Republican-only, Republican-safe districts
where there will never be a chance that they`ll lose to a Democrat, sure,
must be nice for them to fear no plausible Democratic challenger, but that
also means that the real contest for their seat is in the Republican
primary in their home district.

And where the only thing Republicans are worried about is a challenge
from their right flank, then you have Republicans always worried about
trying to get as far to the right as possible. You can never waver from
the conservative orthodoxy, you can never have less than 100 percent
approval for whatever conservative movement will blanket your district with
ads calling you a squish and an Obama lover. When you tilt the playing
field to give yourself an advantage, sometimes the tilting has other
unintended consequences.

Would we be having a shutdown fight right now if the House wasn`t so
gerrymandered to help Republicans? And what can this dynamic tell us about
how this more right wing than though spiraling crisis might finally come to
an end.

Joining us now is David Wasserman. He is the editor specifically for
the House at "The Cook Political Report."

Mr. Wasserman, thanks very much for being here.

DAVID WASSSERMAN, COOK POLITICAL REPORT: Thanks. And welcome to D.C.

MADDOW: Thank you! It`s a weird time to be here.

But let me ask you about those dynamics I just described. Obviously,
I did sort of sample states there, but how is the current class of
Republicans in the House different from, say, the Republicans that presided
over the last shutdown 17 years ago or interim classes?

WASSERMAN: Well, this is six or seven beer goggles ugly right now and
there`s a lot of high theater. But really, this has its roots in arcane
and boring processes like redistricting and gerrymandering.

And, you know, I`ve heard Republicans being described as fanatical, as
delusion. I think they are rational responding to the constituencies that
have elected them. Blame Congress all you want. I tend to blame the
voters who have gotten what they`ve asked for in a lot of these primaries
on both sides of the aisle. And let`s be honest, Democrats would have done
the same thing had they won the 2010 as far as gerrymandering.

MADDOW: But how much more Republican are Republican districts now
than was normal before?

WASSERMAN: Well, check this out -- back in `95 and `96, when
Republicans had 236 seats during that shutdown, there were 79 out of the
236 seats that were carried by Bill Clinton in 1992. That was many more
than the 17 districts that Republicans represent that were won by Barack
Obama in the 2012 election.

So, you`re talking about going from 79 districts, where there`s some
incentive to compromise, to just 17.

MADDOW: Wow.

WASSERMAN: Republicans are living in a completely alternate universe
from the rest of the country. Their districts are 75 percent white,
compared to 63 percent to the national average and 50 percent for
Democratic districts. Consider that only 37 Republicans in the House
today, out of 233 were around for the `96, `96 shutdown.

And then, you also have the fact that 48 percent of all House
Republicans, and this blows my wind, were elected after George W. Bush left
office.

These people owned no allegiance to John Boehner. They ran against
not only Democrats but Republican leadership to get to Congress and are
reflecting what the primary electorates which decided their elections back
home wanted in the first place.

MADDOW: So, do you think that in describing the character of the sort
of average House Republican`s district, am I overstating that when I say
they`re worried about primary challenges from their right? I mean, it may
be that they`re not trying to posture themselves as being as far to the
right as possible. They may simply be reflecting the very unusual politics
of their tightly drawn districts.

WASSERMAN: You`re absolutely right, and they`re in districts that on
average voted for -- out of the 80 letter-signers who were essentially what
Democrats would call the hostage takers --

MADDOW: Yes.

WASSERMAN: -- Obama actually lost their districts by an average of 23
points. So, you`re talking about Republicans sitting in district, and I
call this the extreme index, fewer than a third of House Republicans in
`95-`96 came from districts that were at least 10 points more Republican
than the national average. Today, more than half House Republicans come
from districts at least 10 points more Republican on a national average on
"The Cook Political Report`s" partisan voter index.

So, we`re talking about a situation where Obama actually has negative
leverage. If he comes out and tells America that he supports one thing,
that drives the incentive on the right to push things more.

And so, what`s actually gong to end this stalemate in the House?
Well, I tend to think Wall Street has more leverage with middle of the road
Republicans in the House and, you know, it`s a marvel to think that Eric
Cantor can be seen as a bellwether within the House Republican Conference,
but that`s where we`re at, and certainly, President Obama and Democratic
leadership has with House Republicans.

MADDOW: Yes. And all of the pundit-driven appeals to say ah, this
turns off moderate voters. There`s no moderate voters when they`re voting
in these congressional races that make a difference to these guys. It`s
fascinating.

David Wasserman, House editor of "The Cook Political Report" -- this
is really I think an important part of why this is happening. Thanks a
lot, David.

WASSERMAN: Thanks, Rachel.

MADDOW: All right. Tick, tock. Tick, tock. We`ll be right back.

(COMEMRCIAL BREAK)

MADDOW: President Obama used 22 pens when he signed health reform.
And what he signed into with those 22 souvenir pens was law. He signed the
bill into law after it passed both Houses of Congress and then the Supreme
Court upheld its constitutionality.

After midnight tonight, millions of people who have not had health
insurance will be able to buy affordable health insurance because of that
law. It`s law.

We know from the polling that makes a difference what you call health
reform. So, more people say they oppose something called Obamacare than
something that`s called the Affordable Care Act, even though Obamacare and
the Affordable Care Act are the exact same thing, what you call it makes a
difference as to how people feel about it.

Which is why despite the Congress passing it and the president having
signed it into law with 22 pens and the Supreme Court ruling that the law
was constitutional, despite all of those factual indications that it is, in
fact, law, Republicans constantly like referring to the law as a bill.
They call it this bill and the bill named after the president and 100
percent the president`s bill.

You know what? Health reform is not a bill any more. It has had it`s
varmitsa (ph). It has gotten its wings. Girl, it`s a woman now.

Pick your metaphor. But health reform is a law, not a bill. No
matter how desperately Republicans have tried to rebrand it as something
that is simply pending and not something that is on the books and going
into effect.

Even after the bill became a law and was upheld by the Supreme Court,
Republicans thought they might have one more crack at undoing it by asking
the country to elect a Republican president who promised that he would get
rid of it.

Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan built their national campaign around the
promise to repeal Obamacare, and then they lost by a lot, in the popular
vote and in the Electoral College. They got beaten pretty badly, and the
Republican Party lost seats in both Houses of Congress alongside them.

And now, the vice presidential nominee from that losing contest tells
"The Wall Street Journal" that the Republicans and Congress feel the need
to get right to the brink and over it, to get their way against health
reform, specifically because they lost the fight at the ballot box.

Congressman Paul Ryan telling "The Wall Street Journal", quote, "We do
not have an election around the corner where we feel we are going to win it
and fix it ourselves. We are stuck with this government another three
years."

Yes, the government you guys are stuck with is the government that the
people elected when they voted, which is how we do things in our system.
We subject competing ideas and competing candidates to fair, small D
democratic competition among the voters and that whoever wins gets to enact
the policies that they campaigned on. That`s the system.

I mean, what you can do is constrained by the Constitution. But the
judiciary is the arbiter of that. Once they have decided within those
lines, democracy is how we choose what happens to us.

Republicans have decided that they did not get the government they
wanted in the last election, so they are shutting the government down as of
midnight as a way for Republicans to forcibly get what they could not get
within the political system that they apparently have real problems with.

At this hour, the Senate has just finished rejecting the latest House
proposal to make funding for the government contingent on delaying health
reform. Instead the Senate is asking the House again to pass a temporary
spending bill that just keeps the government, without any other policy
matters included, offending health reform or denying women access to
contraception through their health insurance or anything else.

What the House will do in response we do not yet know, but it is their
turn and there`s two hours left. Lather, rinse, repeat, lather, rinse,
repeat, until the stroke of midnight, when if nothing has changed, the U.S.
government will begin shutting down.

This is a big night for politics and for policy and for the country.

MSNBC will continue our special coverage of this developing story
tonight.

"THE LAST WORD" takes over next. Then, Chris Hayes will return with a
special edition of "ALL IN WITH CHRIS HAYES" at 11:00 p.m. Eastern, going
right up until midnight. I will be back with a live new RACHEL MADDOW SHOW
at midnight, whether or not we have a fully functioning federal government.
Fire up the popcorn machine.

Now, it`s time for "THE LAST WORD". Stay with us.

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY
BE UPDATED.
END

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